Section+3

__Vocabulary__


 * __Solar Collector:__
 * absorb radiant energy from the sun
 * __Thermodynamics:__
 * Thermal energy, heat, and work are related, and the study of the relationship among them.
 * __First Law of Thermodynamics__:
 * Increase in thermal energy of a system equals the work done on the system plus the heat transferred to the system.
 * __Second Law of Thermodynamics:__
 * It is impossible for heat to flow from a cool object to a warmer object unless work is done.
 * __Heat Engine__:
 * Device that converts heat into work.
 * __Internal Combustion Engine__:
 * Fuel is burned inside the engine in chambers or cylinders.

__Self Check__

The first law of thermodynamics makes states that the energy doesn't change.
 * 1) 1- Explain for the thermal energy of a closed system changes with time.

Radiator system, contains hot water, thermal energy transferred to the air radiator by conduction, the air runs through the room. Active Solar Heating system, solar collectors abosorb radiant energy, pump circulators not water to radiators.
 * 1) 2- Compare and Contrast an active solar heating system with a radiator system.

No, because the engine depends on the differance of temperature of the burning gases and temperature of the air outside the engine.
 * 1) 3- Explain whether or not a heat engine could be made 100 percent efficient by elminating friction.

http://www.dkimages.com/discover/Home/Technology/Heating-LightingCooling/CoolingDevices/Refrigerator/Refrigerator-2.html
 * 1) 4- Diagram how the thermal energy of the coolant changes as it flows in a refrigerator.

-Basically what happens is that a refrigerator contains a coolant that is pumped through the pipes on the inside and outside of the fridge. This coolant is a special substance that evaporates at low temperatures. This coolant is pumped through a valve and changes into gas, then it is cold gas and is pumped through pipes that are inside of the fridge. This is where they absorbs the thermal energy. This makes the fridge cool. Then the gas is pumped to a compresser that compresses the gas. This then make the gas warmer then the room temperature. Then the warm gas is pumped through the condenser coils. Since the gas is warmer than the room the thermal energy flows from the gas to the room. So some of this heat from the thermal energy of the coolant gas is absorbed from the inside of the fridge. When the gas gives off heat it cools and changes to a liquid. The liquied coolant is then changed back to a gas and the whole thing starts again.

I dont think that the temperature would change exept for around where your hands would be because it's the particles that move.
 * 1) 5- Think Critically Suppose you vigorously shake a bottle of fruit juice. Predict how the temperature of the juice will change. Explain your reasoning.

__Applying Math__

Q=m(Tf-Ti)C Q=20N (0.3) Q=6J
 * 1) 6- You Push down on the handle of a bicycle pump with a force of 20 N. The handle moves 0.3 m, and the pump does not absorb or release any heat. What is the change in thermal energy of the bicycle pump?

140,000,000J 25%efficient 140,000,000Jx.25 35,000,000J
 * 1) 7- The thermal energy released when a gallon of gasoline is burned in a car's engine is 140 million J. If the engine is 25 percent efficient, how much work does it do when one gallon of gasoline is burned?